The main classification of rubber processing equipment

The main categories of rubber processing equipment include

1. Mixer

A rubber refining equipment used to mix raw rubber and compounding agents. At the same time, it can also refine natural rubber. Mixers are divided into two types: open type rubber mixers (referred to as open mixers) and closed type rubber mixers (referred to as internal mixers). When the rubber material is thinly passed on the open mill, the compounding agent is added in the gap between the rubber mixing rollers.

2. Rubber refining machine

The open rubber mixer is mainly used for hot refining, pressing, breaking, plasticizing, and mixing of rubber. It consists of rollers, roller bearings, roller pitch adjustment device, emergency braking device, frame, machine base, transmission device, and heating and cooling system. The working principle of an open rubber refining machine is that raw rubber or rubber material is pulled into the roller gap by friction between two opposite rotating rollers at different speeds, and is subjected to strong shear and compression to increase plasticity. This double roller open type rubber mixing machine began production in 1826. Its structure is relatively simple and still widely used in modern times.

Main classification of rubber processing equipment - Zhenghe Machinery

The enclosed rubber mixer is mainly used for plastic and mixing of rubber. It has an additional mixing chamber than an open rubber mixer (Figure 1). After the raw rubber and blending agent are loaded into the mixing chamber from the feeding hopper, the material door is closed, and the top bolt of the pressing device is pressed down. The two rotors in the mixing chamber rotate in opposite directions at different or the same speed. The loaded rubber material is subjected to continuous stirring, folding, and strong kneading between the rotors and the mixing chamber, resulting in oxidation and chain breakage, increasing plasticity. At the same time, the rubber material is dispersed and uniformly mixed due to shear, thus achieving the purpose of rubber refining. Since the invention of the elliptical rotor enclosed rubber mixer in 1916, enclosed rubber mixers have rapidly developed in the rubber industry, and later other forms of enclosed rubber mixers with rotors have emerged. The compounding cycle of modern enclosed rubber mixers is 2.5-3 minutes, and the capacity of the mixing chamber can reach 650 liters.

3. Rolling machine

Mainly used for gluing or wiping of curtain canvas, pressing, laminating, and embossing of rubber materials. The main working component of a rolling machine is the rollers, and the number of rollers is usually 3 or more. When a rubber material with a certain temperature and plasticity is fed into the gap between opposing rotating rollers, it is subjected to strong compression and extension under the action of friction, forming the desired product. The rolling machine was manufactured and used in production in 1857, and has since been continuously improved. Especially since the 1950s, the development of the plastic industry has effectively promoted the improvement of high-precision and high-speed rolling machines. In order to obtain uniformly thick rolled products, new rolling machines are generally equipped with roller deflection compensation devices. The thickness of the semi-finished products being rolled is measured using specialized equipment, and some rolling machines are also equipped with an automatic thickness adjustment system controlled by an electronic computer.

Main classification of rubber processing equipment - Zhenghe Machinery

4. Extruder

Used for extruding tread, inner tube, rubber hose, and various rubber strips, as well as for wrapping cable and wire products. A common one is a screw extruder. Its working principle is that the rubber material is stirred, mixed, plasticized, and compressed inside the barrel with the help of the rotating action of the extrusion screw, and then moves towards the machine head, and then extrudes a certain shape of product from the mouth shape. According to the needs of the product, multiple machines can be used for composite extrusion of various rubber materials. Screw extruders are divided into two types: hot feed and cold feed. Hot feed extruders usually feed strip material that has been preheated by an open compounding machine. The rubber material fed into the cold feed extruder does not undergo heat refining, which eliminates the need for heat refining equipment.

5. Forming machine

Used for laminating and processing various components such as hanging rubber curtains, steel wire rings, and tread into tire blanks. It is divided into two categories according to its purpose: ordinary tire molding machines and radial tire molding machines. The layers of ordinary tire body curtain are diagonally crossed at a certain angle. When forming, the curtain tube is first placed on the forming drum, and then steel wire rings are placed on both sides. A buffer layer and tread rubber are covered in the middle, forming a cylindrical tire blank. The main difference in structure between radial tires and regular tires is that the buffer layer cord and the tire body axis are at a 90 ° to 75 ° (almost orthogonal) angle. Therefore, the diameter size of the buffer layer after molding cannot be significantly changed. Therefore, after the tire body is made, it needs to be expanded to an approximately fixed shape before attaching the buffer layer. Therefore, the structure of the radial tire forming machine is also different from that of a regular tire forming machine.

The whole process of forming radial tires is completed by a molding machine, which is called the one-time molding method. The tire body is made using a modified ordinary tire molding machine and then formed on a radial tire molding machine, which is called the two-stage molding method.

6. Vulcanization machine

Used for vulcanizing the outer tire of pneumatic tires for automobiles, engineering vehicles, tractors, and airplanes. This type of machine appeared in the 1940s. On the shaping vulcanization machine, operations such as tire loading, shaping, vulcanization, tire unloading, and post inflation cooling can be completed. The temperature, pressure, and steam chamber temperature of the hot water inside the capsule can be measured, recorded, and controlled, and the entire production process can be automated. There are many types of tire shaping and vulcanizing machines, mainly including AFV type BOM type and AUBO type (abbreviated as A type in China, respectively) B type and AB type). Their main difference lies in the differences in capsules and their control mechanisms.

The characteristic of AFV tire shaping and vulcanizing machine is that there is no complex central mechanism at the lower part of the lower mold, only one bag cylinder, and a pneumatic bag pushing mechanism is installed at the upper part of the upper mold. At the end of vulcanization, the capsule is pushed into the capsule tube by the pushing mechanism, and under the pressure of steam entering the capsule tube, the capsule is pushed out and extended into the inner cavity of the fetal blank.

The capsule of the BOM tire shaping and vulcanizing machine is fixed by two clamping plates, which are driven by the water cylinder of the central mechanism to achieve the expansion and overall lifting of the capsule. When loading and unloading tires, the capsule is stretched out and its inner cavity is simultaneously vacuumed, standing upright on the lower mold.

The characteristic of the AUBO tire shaping and vulcanizing machine is that the upper and lower openings of the capsule are fixed by clamping rings and can be retracted into the capsule tube. When installing the tire, the bladder rises and the lower tire rim of the tire blank contacts the steel rim on the bladder. Then, the upper clamping plate rises, and under the action of the shaping steam pressure, the capsule unfolds inside the preform, and then the capsule cylinder descends, closing the mold for vulcanization. When the vulcanization is completed and the tire is unloaded, the bladder rises and the capsule is pulled into the bladder by the upper clamp, while the lower clamp is fixed in place.

The above is the relevant content about the main classification of rubber processing equipment on Guangdong Zhenghe Machinery Network. If you would like to learn more about the exploration, design, production, production, installation, commissioning, maintenance, and repair of rubber processing equipment and sugarcane sugar making equipment, please feel free to contact the business specialist of Guangdong Zhenghe Machinery Co., Ltd. via WeChat or phone. Zhenghe Machinery will warmly serve you. Service hotline: 13824803990, 0759-3363353; WeChat ID: 13828211689

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